PRODUCT REVIEW - GELS & MEDIUMS
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Gels and Mediums range in thickness from watery to paste-like consistencies and allow artists to manipulate their acrylic paint systems. Even though acrylic colors are offered in various different consistencies and finishes, the use of gels and mediums in conjunction with such colors broadens the working properties and expands on the possible results. GOLDEN Gels and Mediums are extremely versatile, and can be used for:
- Altering Consistency
- Altering Sheen
- Gluing/Laminating
- Increasing Film Integrity
- Transparency
- Cost-Effectiveness
- Adding Texture
- Priming Supports
- Paint-Making Binders
Below are some answers to commonly asked questions about these products.
Why Are There So Many Gels and Mediums?
Over the years, artists have continuously requested new gels and mediums that behave and handle differently than those existing at the time. Golden Artist Colors has always listened very carefully to the requests of our customers. Through working directly with these professional artists, we have been able to formulate the desired products. As a result, GOLDEN is recognized as the leader in the field of gels and mediums and has an exceptionally broad range of such products.
Admittedly, such a large number of different gels and mediums to choose from may often seem confusing to artists. However, with at least a general understanding of the various products available, and an inclination towards experimentation, artists can create new ways in which to express themselves, and probably apply materials in a way that GOLDEN has not even thought about.
What Are Gels and Mediums Made Of?
The gels and mediums can be thought of as colorless paints, as they are composed of the same polymers as GOLDEN Acrylic paints. Essentially, they are the "glue" or binder that dry to form continuous, durable films. They are made of 100% acrylic polymers, which are proven to have excellent flexibility and chemical, water, and ultraviolet radiation resistance.
What Do Gels and Mediums Do?
GOLDEN offers a wide selection of gels and mediums, but this doesn't mean that each one has limited uses. Because of their very nature, most gels and mediums can function in a variety of ways, yielding numerous results. The section that follows lists the most traditional use of such products, but by no means is this intended to be an all-encompassing and exhaustive list. There are always new and different ways in which these products can be successfully applied.
GELS & MEDIUM DIFFERENCES
With so many products to be aware of, it becomes quite a task to keep them all straight. However, there are a few general distinctions that can make the whole group of gels and mediums seem much less difficult to understand.
Viscosity
The main property that differentiates a majority of products is viscosity - that is, how thick or thin a product is. This is what actually separates the gels from the mediums. The mediums are thinner than the gels, which have much higher viscosities. Mediums are thin enough to be poured, while the gels are not.
Within the gel grouping, the names reflect the scale of viscosity and not any differences in the feel of dry films. Soft Gels are thinner than Regular Gels, which are thinner than Heavy Gels, which in turn are thinner than Extra-Heavy Gels. Heavy Gels do not weigh more, and Soft Gels do not feel spongier or more flexible when dry.
Leveling Differences
Perhaps the least understood of all paint characteristics is leveling. Leveling, also referred to as rheology, has a direct relationship to viscosity. It controls the way a paint feels and how it is best applied. This "feel" is dictated by the type of thickener used during the paint-making process.
There are two types of rheologies used in acrylic paint-making: short and long.
Short rheology refers to the way the paint "breaks short," that is to say it imparts a buttery feel to the paint. Short rheology is used in our Soft, Regular, Heavy, and Extra Heavy Gels, and is produced by the same type of thickener used in our Heavy Body line of paints. It allows the paint to retain brush strokes, sometimes referred to as "memory". Soft Gels hold softer impasto peaks, and Extra Heavy Gels hold stiffer, more distinct peaks. The GAC Mediums are produced with the same thickener, but they are much thinner in viscosity and show fewer brush strokes than a gel does.
Long rheology, on the other hand, refers to the "syrupy" quality of certain paints, gels and mediums. These products offer better leveling and fewer brush strokes. GOLDEN Clear Tar Gel is an extremely long rheology product, and conceivably could be poured from a three-story building as one long strand! Gloss Medium has this property as well. Although Soft Gel and Clear Leveling Gel are the same viscosity, they react much differently due to the long rheology thickener added to the Clear Gel formula. Long rheology products can be used to thicken a paint to the proper viscosity while imparting a certain leveling quality.
Reflectance
Another key property is reflectance or sheen. This is the most important difference between Gloss Medium and Matte Medium. Nearly all the GOLDEN Gels are available in Gloss, Semi-Gloss, and Matte finish. Hence, a Heavy Gel Gloss and Heavy Gel Matte will feel very similar in consistency but will dry with different sheens. The Semi-Gloss gels dry with an appearance similar to wax, and this aspect has been used extensively to create wax-like impressions.
Textural Qualities
Over the years, many artists have wanted to add texture to their media. Sand, sawdust, and other gritty material have been mixed with acrylic mediums. Problems arise from this, ranging from impurities causing discoloration to overloaded systems cracking and falling apart. The GOLDEN textural gels have been thoroughly researched and developed to ensure their status as archival products.
There are several products that impart a texture to the paint. Pumice Gels are composed of pumice (volcanic lava) and are ideal for creating rough, granular surfaces. Clear Granular Gel has the same textural qualities as Extra Coarse Pumice Gel, but the solids are clear acrylic, allowing for new transparent possibilities with texture.
Unique Characteristics
GOLDEN also produces specialty products that do not fit into the above differentiation. These are products that have some other unique property, requiring a different naming convention. In such cases, GOLDEN has tried to assign a name that has significance to the product"s most unique feature. For instance, High Solid Gels have higher levels of polymer solids than the other gels (approximately 60%, versus 45-50%), and Light Molding Paste allows for thick films to be built up without accumulating a lot of weight.
PRODUCT APPLICATION
Getting The Most From Acrylic Paints
One of the primary roles of gels and mediums is to extend the paint for economical reasons. One can actually create his or her own "student grade" paint by adding a gel or medium into our existing paints. For this purpose, there are basically no limitations as to the minimum or maximum levels of gels or mediums that can be safely (from an archival viewpoint) added into the paint system.
Changing Paint Consistency
Gels and mediums have also been used to alter the consistency or body of acrylic paints. When one needs GOLDEN Heavy Body or Matte Acrylics to be thinner or to flow better, the addition of nearly any one of the Mediums or the Soft Gels will prove helpful. Better leveling and fewer brush strokes can be attained quickly by adding the Clear Tar Gel. When additional body is required in the Heavy Body and/or Matte Acrylics, the Heavy Gels, Extra-Heavy Gels or High Solid Gels may be added. The gels and mediums can be used with any other acrylic paint line, such as GOLDEN Fluid Acrylics, for similar purposes.
Additionally, an artist can thin paints down for spray application. GOLDEN Airbrush Medium and High Flow Medium can be used to thin paint for this purpose without loss of film strength. Thinning with water only will result in a weaker overall film and an increased risk of other poor film qualities such as sagging and runs. Paint thinned with water also clogs spray equipment much more frequently.
Note: dilutions beyond the 2:1 mixture (Gel or Medium to Water) will increase the haziness of the dried film as the binder is further extended. If a more dilute mixture is needed, we recommend testing before application to a painting surface.
Controlling Sheen
The gels and mediums offer a variety of reflectance properties (Matte, Semi-Gloss, and Gloss), enabling artists to control the sheen in their artwork by blending the appropriate gel or medium with acrylic paints. The typical higher gloss of GOLDEN Heavy Body or Fluid Acrylics can be reduced by adding any of the matte gels or mediums. Similarly, to increase the gloss of GOLDEN SoFlat Acrylics, the addition of a gloss gel or medium will prove effective. More subtle modifications can be created using the semi-gloss products, or a combination of a matte and gloss gel or medium.
Use as a Glue
Gels and mediums are also frequently used as glue for collaging materials together. This technique is valuable when collaging any materials that water-based acrylics have no difficulty bonding with. Certain materials, such as glass and certain metals and plastics, should be avoided. The Gloss products are usually preferred for this purpose since they offer the greatest transparency; however, the other sheens work just as well as glue. Generally, we recommend the Soft Gel Gloss for this purpose, although the choice of medium or gel can be as exacting as the artist wishes.
Increasing Film Integrity
Because the majority of gels and mediums are mostly comprised of binders, they can be utilized to increase the dry film integrity of weakened systems. When an excessive amount of dry pigment or extender has been added to a paint (typically observed as cracking or chalky quality in the dry paint film), the addition of a gel or medium can correct the problem. Another weakened paint system is a paint/water blend, in which there is more water than paint. If such a mixture is to be applied on non-absorbent supports (i.e. in non-stain applications), then a gel or medium should be added so that no more than half of the entire mixture is water. Note that Gloss products work best for these sorts of requirements.
Controlling Transparency
To increase the transparency of acrylic paints, gels and mediums are useful tools. Nearly all gels and mediums are effective for this purpose, with the exception of those that are opaque (the Pumices and Molding Pastes). The Gloss Gels are most effective, especially when highly transparent glazes are desired or when the glazes are to be applied thickly (greater than 1/8 inch wet film thickness). The Matte and Semi-Gloss products will increase the translucency of the paint, but will not yield genuinely transparent glazes. This is the result of the matting agents in such products detracting from the overall transparency. Remember: the milky acrylic emulsion eventually dries translucent, and this must be kept in mind when determining the amount of color to add to the gels and mediums.
When the desired outcome is to extend the paint without increasing transparency, or specifically to increase opacity, then the addition of Molding Paste is beneficial. While there are some products available that are marketed specifically to increase the opacity of paints, GOLDEN Molding Paste works equally well for this purpose. It must be understood that the addition of such products will result in a color shift to a lower chroma (and possibly lighter value) color.
Adding Dimensionality to Acrylic Paints
Standard use of the thicker gels is to build relief, or 3-dimensionality onto the support. For this, GOLDEN Heavy Gels, Extra-Heavy Gels, High Solid Gels, and Molding Pastes are valuable tools. The Light Molding Paste holds the highest peaks and retains structure, and is also the best choice when building very thick applications (least weight buildup). GOLDEN Pumice Gels are suitable when generating granular or pebbled surfaces (either 3-dimensional or flat).
Use as a Support Primer
A final conventional application of the gels and mediums is to prime and prepare various supports. This is beneficial whenever one wants a translucent primer instead of an opaque gesso to allow the nature of the support to show through. For this purpose, the most commonly used products are the Matte Medium and GAC 100. The thicker gels can be used, but one must be careful in application to avoid holdout (the lack of adequate bonding between gel and support). Use of sufficient pressure during the application, to force the gel into the tooth of the support, can overcome this problem. GAC 100 is also useful for stopping S.I.D. (See the below specific description for GAC 100).
Making Paint
When making one's own paint from dry pigment, the various Gloss, Semi-Gloss, and Matte gels or mediums serve well as the binder that forms a continuous film, encasing the pigment. The Gloss products have the greatest binding capabilities, while that of the Matte and Semi-Gloss products is somewhat reduced (the result of already containing the matting agents responsible for the lower sheen).
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Learning the Rules
As implied from the extensive list of uses above, there is not a lot of limitation or restriction on the use of gels and mediums. An artist can mix any quantity of Gel with GOLDEN Acrylic colors, or other Gels and Mediums. However, the following are rules that should be obeyed:
- To thin, add a thinner GOLDEN Medium or water.
- When blending thin products into a gel, add in small portions with thorough and careful stirring at each addition.
- For slower drying, add GOLDEN Retarder, but do not exceed 15%, as it will result in a surface that will not lose its tack. Acrylic Glazing Liquid can be used in place of pure Retarder, and there are no restrictions on amounts.
- Do not mix with oils.
- Abrade non-absorbent surfaces for increased adhesion.
- The minimum film formation temperature is 49oF/9oC. Avoid freezing.
- Paint on any non-oily surface.
- Clean tools and brushes with soap and water.
Controlling Foam
Be aware that nearly all acrylics have a propensity to foam and get air trapped within them. This can be most dramatic when applying glazes and various translucent effects. Therefore, it is important to take proper precautions and to handle the materials carefully. This includes: avoiding shaking, do not whip or stir excessively, refraining from generating a vortex during mechanical mixing and pouring and handling slowly and carefully. For more complete information on foam, refer to the article in Just Paint Taming the Foam Monster in Acrylic Paint.
Drying Acrylic Films
Drying times are influenced by many factors. The most important factors are the thickness of the application and the temperature, humidity, and airflow conditions in the working area. While acrylics surface dry, or skin over, very quickly (sometimes within minutes), they typically take much longer, sometimes months, to thoroughly dry. Obviously, the thicker the film, the slower it is to dry. The development of clarity in the film does not occur until the gel or medium is fairly dry. A 1/4 inch thick film of a Gloss Gel will take a week or two, even in ideal conditions (70-80oF, relative humidity of 50% or less, and a moderate flow of air in the drying area) to develop clarity. When humidity pushes over 80%, that same Gloss Gel may remain cloudy for several months. (For more information on drying considerations, refer to GOLDEN Information Sheet: "Technical Notes on Drying").
Stopping Support Induced Discoloration (SID)
Common supports (e.g. cotton canvas, linen, hardboard panel) contain water-extractable materials that can cause discoloration in transparent glazes. This manifests itself as a yellow or brown tone and is especially of concern when the glazes are thickly applied (greater than 1/16 inch wet film thickness). To minimize Support Induced Discoloration (SID), seal support with two coats of GOLDEN Gloss Medium, followed by gesso. Note that multiple coats of gesso alone will not be sufficient to protect from SID.
True Varnishes vs. Acrylic Gels and Mediums
One final point to make about the use of gels and mediums is that all of these products are NOT recommended as final picture varnishes. Generally speaking, these products do not have the proper balance of properties for such applications. They are all either too soft, too hard, or they simply foam up too much to be a clear topcoat. They also all lack the property of removability. None of the gels or mediums are removable in a manner that would not harm the underlying paint films, and this is an important consideration for final varnishes.
Soft Gel Gloss, thinned 2:1 with water, on the other hand, is recommended as an "isolation coat". An isolation coat has several functions. Applied after completion of an acrylic painting, it seals the surface, lowers the absorbency of the surface, allows for a more uniform varnish application, and serves to protect the acrylic paint during varnish removal. Not applying this coat can cause serious side effects, such as the varnish absorbing into porous support. For spray application of an isolation coat, a mixture of GAC 500 (2:1) with Airbrush Transparent Extender is well suited.
CONCLUSION
While fully understanding gels and mediums does take time, with some experimentation and an open mind, artists can achieve painting effects that they would have never dreamed of. There are certainly a few dos and don'ts, but there is still a great degree of freedom on the use of each member of this grouping, with each able to be used in a broad range of applications and techniques. It is important to remember that the applications that we as manufacturers have suggested for these products are simply starting points. Through each artist"s own unique vision, the gels and mediums will continue to be utilized in new and exciting ways, to create effects that we would have never imagined possible.
INDIVIDUAL GOLDEN GEL PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS
Clear Tar Gel
This product is extreme in leveling. It is designed to produce an even film with excellent clarity. The gel has a unique resinous, stringy consistency and dries to a flexible, high gloss film.
Clear Tar Gel can be used to increase transparency and sheen while imparting a leveling quality to other GOLDEN Acrylic products. Excellent for dripping, drizzling effects that no other product will yield. Blends with all GOLDEN Acrylic colors (though Fluids work best) offer a full range of colors for these techniques.
Clear Leveling Gel (formerly called Self-Leveling Clear Gel)
Designed to produce an even film with excellent clarity. This gel has similar qualities to the Clear Tar Gel: it has a resinous consistency and offers excellent leveling, yet its viscosity is closer to that of the Soft Gel. This product dries to a flexible, high gloss film, which can increase transparency and sheen while imparting a leveling quality to other GOLDEN Acrylic products. Blends with GOLDEN Acrylic colors to produce glazes without brushstrokes.
Soft Gel (Gloss, Matte and Semi-Gloss)
Thinner than GOLDEN Heavy Body Acrylic colors, Soft Gels are moderately liquid and hold only slight peaks.
Soft Gel Gloss is ideal for glazing and other techniques where transparency is desired. Also, the recommended acrylic to function as a glue for collaging. Useful as a non-removable isolation coat, applied over the painting before the varnish layer (must be thinned with water - 2 parts Soft Gel Gloss to 1 part water).
Regular Gel (Gloss, Matte and Semi-Gloss)
Same creamy consistency as GOLDEN Heavy Body Acrylic colors. Ideal for extending paint and regulating translucency without changing the consistency of the Heavy Body and Matte colors. Holds moderate peaks and texture. The Regular Gel Gloss is ideal for glazing and other techniques where transparency is desired.
Heavy Gel (Gloss, Matte, and Semi-Gloss)
Thicker consistency than GOLDEN Heavy Body Acrylic colors. Blend with colors to increase body. Good for holding peaks. Dries translucent.
Extra Heavy Gel (Gloss, Matte & Semi-Gloss)
Thicker consistency than GOLDEN Heavy Body Acrylic colors. GOLDEN's thickest gels, along with the High Solid Gels. Blend with colors to increase body. Excellent for holding peaks and impasto techniques. Dries translucent.
High Solid Gel (Gloss)
Thicker consistency than GOLDEN Heavy Body Acrylic colors, similar to Extra Heavy Gels. Offers higher gloss, lower shrinkage and dries to the touch quicker than most Gels. Good for holding peaks. Blends with colors to make them feel more oil-like and increases retention of brushstrokes.
High Solid Gel (Matte)
Thicker consistency than GOLDEN Heavy Body Acrylic colors, similar to Extra Heavy Gels. Dries to a matte finish. Offers lower shrinkage and dries to touch quicker than most Gels. Good for holding peaks. Blends with colors to make them feel more oil-like and increases retention of brushstrokes.
Fine Pumice Gel
Used to create finely textured surfaces. Dries to a hard film. To increase flexibility, mix in other GOLDEN Gels or Mediums. Blends with GOLDEN Acrylic colors. Useful as a ground for pastels.
Coarse Pumice Gel
Used to create granular textured surfaces. Dries to a hard film. To increase flexibility, mix in other GOLDEN Gels or Mediums. Blends with GOLDEN Acrylic colors. Useful as a ground for pastels.
Extra Coarse Pumice Gel
Used to create granular textured surfaces. Dries to a hard film. To increase its flexibility, mix in other GOLDEN Gels or Mediums. Blends with GOLDEN Acrylic colors.
Clear Granular Gel
The same textural quality as its pumice counterpart, without the gray, opaque grit. Excellent for making translucent, textural glazes. The chroma will not be affected. Blends with GOLDEN Acrylics.
Molding Paste
Excellent for building surfaces and creating textures. Dries to a hard, yet flexible, opaque film. Blends with GOLDEN Acrylic colors.
Light Molding Paste
Offers dramatic weight reductions when building thick layers of acrylic. The density of the wet product is over 50% less than that of GOLDEN regular Molding Paste. This results in a significantly lighter film. This dramatic weight reduction will be beneficial in creating artworks that are large in size and have thick film build-up. Designed to hold stiff peaks to create a highly textured surface. Dries to an opaque, matte finish. Blends with GOLDEN Acrylic colors.
Extra Heavy Molding Paste (formerly called Extra Heavy Gel/Molding Paste)
A blend of Extra Heavy Gel Gloss and Molding Paste. Dries to a satin, semi-opaque finish. Excellent for increasing viscosity and building surfaces. Blends with GOLDEN Acrylic colors.
Hard Molding Paste
Dries to an extremely hard, opaque film. This product is useful for creating tough, durable finishes for smooth or textured surfaces. The dried film can be carved with hand or power tools. Blends with GOLDEN Acrylic colors.
Coarse Molding Paste
A thick, warm white colored medium that is translucent up to about 1/8". Dries to a hard surfaced, stiff but flexible film with a tooth similar to fine sandpaper. The dry film accepts wet and dry media very well. Mix with GOLDEN Fluid Acrylics or Heavy Body Acrylics to create a dense-feeling paint that holds good peaks and dries with a matte to a satin sheen with a finely pebbled surface.
INDIVIDUAL GOLDEN MEDIUM PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS
Gloss Medium (formerly called Polymer Medium (Gloss))
A general-purpose liquid medium is useful for creating glazes, extending colors, enhancing gloss and translucency, and increasing film integrity. Its unique feel is oil-like or resinous in nature and promotes flow and leveling. The best product to use for blocking Support Induced Discoloration (SID).
Fluid Matte Medium
A liquid medium that is useful for extending colors, decreasing gloss, and increasing film integrity. Useful for blending with GOLDEN Fluid Acrylics to decrease the gloss without increasing viscosity.
Matte Medium
A general-purpose, liquid medium that is useful for extending colors, decreasing gloss, and increasing film integrity. Can be used as a ground instead of gesso.
Super Matte Medium (formerly called Super-Loaded Matte Medium)
Same consistency as the regular Matte Medium, but with three times more matting solids. Excellent for lowering the sheen of glossy paints and other mediums (the least addition of medium is required). Slightly increases opacity.
Airbrush Medium
Modifies the GOLDEN Fluid Acrylics for airbrush/spray application. Blends easily with the Fluid Acrylics to yield a paint mixture with the proper viscosity for airbrushing. Effectively decreases clogging and tip build-up during spraying, eliminating the largest drawback to airbrushing with acrylics. While designed with the Fluid Acrylics in mind, Airbrush Medium will also reduce the Heavy Body, SoFlat, Iridescent/Interference, and Fluorescent Acrylics and GOLDEN Mediums and Gessos for spray applications.
High Flow Medium (formerly called Airbrush Transparent Extender)
Essentially a "colorless airbrush color" to be used primarily with the GOLDEN High Flow Acrylics. Originally designed for extending GOLDEN Airbrush Colors to increase film hardness for better frisketing and lower the pigmentation of the colors. This allows an artist to achieve transparent paint without sacrificing spraying properties. Also useful as a topcoat for frisketing on softer acrylics. Blend with GAC 500 (2:1) to Airbrush Transparent Extender for a sprayable isolation coat before varnishing. While designed with the High Flow Acrylics in mind, Airbrush Transparent Extender will also reduce the fluids, Heavy Body, SoFlat, Iridescent/Interference, and Fluorescent Acrylics for spray applications.
Silk-Screen Medium
A water-borne system designed to blend with acrylic paints for silkscreen application. Increases working time and retards paint from drying in the screen. Safe to use with minimal odor. Mix 1 part Silk-Screen Medium with 1 part GOLDEN Acrylic colors (Heavy Body, Matte or Fluid) and use this mixture to screen with. The Silk-Screen Medium is not designed to impart opacity, hence the opacity of the mixture will be determined by the nature of the color being used and the ratio of paint to the medium used.
GAC SPECIALTY POLYMER ACRYLIC MEDIUMS
GAC-100 Acrylic
A liquid acrylic polymer dispersion useful for diluting and extending colors as well as increasing flexibility. Wets out solids more readily than other polymers and is useful for creating homemade paints. Provides good protection from Support Induced Discoloration (SID). For better protection, see GOLDEN’s Gloss Medium.
GAC-200 Acrylic
A liquid acrylic polymer emulsion that is the hardest and least flexible of GOLDEN acrylics. Useful for increasing film hardness and reducing tack. Improves adhesion to non-porous surfaces; however some surfaces, such as glass and glazed tile, will not allow for a permanent bond. Used in its pure form, it is limited to applications on non-flexible supports. Generally, we recommend a maximum level of GAC-200 be 75% of the entire paint mixture. Great for increasing durability of GOLDEN Acrylic Paints for mural use.
GAC-400 Acrylic
A liquid acrylic polymer emulsion that dries to a hard, stiff film. When applied over fabric support, such as cotton, linen or silk, the GAC 400 will serve to dramatically stiffen the support. This allows the artist to transform a lightweight fabric into a free-standing form that will hold its shape.
GAC-500 Acrylic
A liquid acrylic polymer emulsion with leveling ability, that forms a hard, glossy film. Useful for increasing film hardness and reducing tack, while maintaining flexibility. The hardest polymer is suitable for flexible supports.
GAC-700 Acrylic
A liquid acrylic polymer emulsion that offers excellent film clarity and gloss. Excellent for sealing various supports to protect against Support Induced Discoloration. Useful for glaze applications, but care needs to be exercised to avoid foaming. Offers reduced shrinkage.
GAC-800 Acrylic
A liquid acrylic polymer emulsion that does not craze in pours/puddles. That is to say that it dries with the same uniform surface and dimensional integrity as when wet (other GACs will craze, developing shrinkage crevices running across the surface). Dries with good gloss and flexibility, but only moderate clarity. Useful to increase adhesion to chalky surfaces.
GAC-900 Acrylic
A liquid acrylic polymer emulsion that when heat-set offers a very soft hand and laundering stability. This product is most useful to artists painting on clothing. GAC 900 can be blended with various acrylic colors to produce fabric paints that can be airbrushes, hand brush or silkscreen applied.
Disclaimer
The above information is based on research and testing done by Golden Artist Colors, Inc., and is provided as a basis for understanding the potential uses of the products mentioned. Due to the numerous variables in methods, materials and conditions of producing art, Golden Artist Colors, Inc. cannot be sure the product will be right for you. Therefore, we urge product users to test each application to ensure all individual project requirements are met. While we believe the above information is accurate, WE MAKE NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, and we shall in no event be liable for any damages (indirect, consequential, or otherwise) that may occur as a result of a product application.
